Original Research Articles

Statistical Methodology

  • Kyomuhangi, I., Giorgi, E. (2022). A threshold-free approach with age-dependency for estimating malaria seroprevalence. Malaria Journal. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262145

  • Macharia, P., Ray, N., Gitonga, C. W., Snow, R. W., Giorgi, E. (2022). Combining school-catchment area models with geostatistical models for analysing school survey data from low-resource settings: inferential benefits and limitations. Spatial statistics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spasta.2022.100679

  • Giorgi, E., Fronterre, C., Macharia, P., Alegana, V., Snow, R., Diggle, P. (2021) Model building and assessment of the impact of covariates for disease prevalence mapping in low-resource settings: to explain and to predict. Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 18:20210104. http://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2021.0104

  • Kyomuhangi, I., Giorgi, E. (2021) A unified and flexible modelling framework for the analysis of malaria serology data. Epidemiology & Infection. doi:10.1017/S0950268821000753

  • Diggle, P. J., Giorgi, E., Atsame, J., Ella, S. N., Ogoussan, K., Gass, K. (2020). A tale of two parasites: statistical modelling to support disease control programmes in Africa. Statistical Science. 35:42-50, doi:10.1214/19-STS738

  • Johnson, O. O., Getherall, T., Knight, J., Giorgi, E. (2020) A modelling framework for developing early warning systems of COPD emergency admissions. Spatial and spatio-temporal epidemiology. doi: 10.1016/j.sste.2020.100392

  • Eyre, M. T., Carvalho-Pereira, T. S., Souza, F. N., Khalil, H., Hacker, K. P., Serrano, S., Taylor, J. P., Reis, M. G., Ko, A. J., Begon, M., Diggle, P. J., Costa, F., Giorgi, E. (2020) A multivariate geostatistical framework for combining multiple indices of abundance for disease vectors and reservoirs: A case study of rattiness in a low-income urban Brazilian community. Journal of the Royal Society Interface. doi:10.1098/rsif.2020.0398

  • Johnson, O. O., Diggle, P. J., Giorgi, E., (2020). Dealing with spatial misalignment to model the relationship between deprivation and life expectancy: A model-based geostatistical approach. International Journal of Health Geographics. DOI: 10.1186/s12942-020-00200-w

  • Kyomuhangi, I., Abeku, T. A., Kirby, M. J., Tesfaye, G.,Giorgi, E. (2020). Understanding the effects of dichotomization of continuous outcomes on geostatistical inference. Spatial Statistics. 00424, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spasta.2020.100424.

  • Ejigu, B. A., Wencheko, E., Moraga, P., Giorgi, E., (2020). Geostatistical methods for modelling non-stationary patterns in disease risk. Spatial Statistics. doi:10.1016/j.spasta.2019.100397

  • Fronterre, C., Amoah, B., Giorgi, E., Stanton, M., Diggle, P.J., Design and analysis of elimination surveys for neglected tropical diseases. (2020). Journal of Infectious Diseases. jiz554, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz554

  • Milton, P., Giorgi, E., Bhatt, S. (2019). Spatial Analysis Made Easy with Linear Regression and Kernels. Epidemics. DOI:10.1016/j.epidem.2019.100362

  • Amoah, B., Diggle, P. J., Giorgi, E. (2019). A geostatistical framework for combining data from multiple diagnostic tests. Biometrics. doi:10.1111/biom.13142

  • Johnson, O. O., Diggle, P. J., Giorgi, E. (2019). A spatially discrete approximation to log-Gaussian Cox processes for modelling aggregated disease count data. Statistics in Medicine. doi:10.1002/sim.8339

  • Fronterre, C., Giorgi, E., Diggle, P. J. (2018). Geostatistical inference in the presence of geomasking: a composite-likelihood approach. Spatial Statistics. DOI: 10.1016/j.spasta.2018.06.004

  • Giorgi, E., Diggle, P. J., Snow, R. W., Noor, A. M. (2018). Geostatistical methods for disease mapping and visualization using data from spatio-temporally referenced prevalence surveys. International Statistical Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/insr.12268

  • Giorgi, E., (2018). On the goodness-of-fit of generalized linear geostistical models. Spatial statistics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spasta.2018.01.002

  • Giorgi, E., Schlüter, D. K., Diggle, P. J. (2017). Bivariate geostatistical modelling of the relationship between Loa loa prevalence and intensity of infection. Environmetrics. doi:10.1002/ env.2447

  • Giorgi, E., Diggle, P. J. (2017). PrevMap: an R package for prevalence mapping. Journal of Statistical Software. 78:1-29, doi: 10.18637/jss.v078.i08

  • Diggle, P. J., Giorgi, E. (2016). Model-based geostatistics for prevalence mapping in low-resource settings (with discussion). Journal of the American Statistical Association. 111:1096-1120

  • Giorgi, E., Diggle, P. J. (2014). On the inverse geostatistical problem of inference on missing locations. Spatial statistics. 11:35-44 arXiv:1409.3408

  • Giorgi, E., Sesay, S. S., Terlouw, D. J., Diggle, P. J. (2015). Combining data from multiple spatially referenced prevalence surveys using generalized linear geostatistical models. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A. 178:445-464 arXiv:1308.2790

  • Giorgi, E., McNeil, A. J. (2014). On the computation of multivariate scenario sets for the skew-t and generalized hyperbolic families. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis. 100:205-220 arXiv:1402.0686

Applications in Public Health

  • Khaki, J., Minnery, M., Giorgi, E. (2025). Using ESPEN Data for Evidence-Based Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: a Comprehensive Model-based Geostatistical Analysis on Soil-Transmitted Helminths. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 19(1): e0012782. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012782

  • Bun, K., Mode, B., Bjerum, C., Payne1, M., Tisch, D., Salo, J., Kovach, J., Susapu, M., Sekihara, M., Giorgi, E., Diggle, P. J., Weil, G., Robinson, L., Laman, M., King, C. L. (2025). Alternative Approaches for Monitoring and Evaluation of Lymphatic Filariasis Following Mass Drug Treatment with Ivermectin, Diethylcarbamazine and Albendazole in East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 19(1): e0012128. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012128

  • Puranik, A., Diggle, P. J., Odiere, M. R., Gass, K., Kepha, S., Okoyo, C., Mwandawiro, C., Wakesho, F., Omondi, W., Sultani, H. M., Giorgi, E. (2024). Understanding the impact of covariates on the classification of implementation units for soil-transmitted helminths control: A case study from Kenya. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 24, 294 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-024-02420-1

  • Khaki, J., Macharia, P., Giorgi, E., Benova, L. (2024). Prevalence and determinants of double and triple burden of malnutrition among mother-child pairs in Malawi: a mapping and multilevel modelling study. Pubblic Health Nutrition. Public Health Nutrition.
    2024;27(1):e241. doi:10.1017/S1368980024002064

  • Soni, N., Eyre, M. T., Souza, F. N., Diggle, P. J., Ko, A. I., Begon, M., Pickup, R., Childs, J. E., Khalil, H., Carvalho-Pereira, T. S. A., Pertile, A. C., Carvalho, M., de Oliveira, D., Junior, N. N., Giorgi, E.\(^*\), Costa, F.\(^*\) (2024). Disentangling the influence of reservoir abundance and pathogen shedding on zoonotic spillover of the Leptospira agent in urban informal settlements. Frontiers in Public Health. 12:1447592. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1447592 \(^*\)These authors contributed equally.

  • Khaki, J.J, Meiring, J.E., Thindwa, D., Henrion, M.Y., Jere, T.M., Msuku, H., The STRATAA Consortium, Heyderman, R.S., Gordon, M. A., Giorgi, E. (2024). Modelling Salmonella Typhi in Blantyre, Malawi, using point pattern methods. Scientific Reports. 14, 17164. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-66436-9

  • Barrett, C. L., Chiphwanya, J., Mkwanda, D., Matipula, D. E., Ndhlovu, P., Chaponda, L., Turner, J. D., Giorgi, E., Betts, H., Martindale, S., Taylor, M. J., Read, J. M., Kelly-Hope, L. A. (2024).The national distribution of lymphatic filariasis cases in Malawi using patient mapping and geostatistical modelling. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012056

  • Mountain, R., Knight, J., Heys, K., Giorgi, E.\(^*\), and Gatheral\(^*\), T. (2024). Spatio-temporal modelling of referrals to outpatient respiratory clinics in the integrated care system of the Morecambe Bay area. BMC Health Services Research. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10716-7 \(^*\)These authors contributed equally.

  • Carvalho-Pereira, T., Eyre, M., Zeppelini, C., Espirito Santo, V., Santiago, D., Santana, R., Palma, F., Reis, M., Lustosa, R., Khalil, H., Diggle, P., Giorgi, E., Costa, F., Begon, M. (2023). Basic urban services fail to neutralise environmental determinants of ‘rattiness’, a composite metric of rat abundance. Urban Ecosystems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-023-01481-2

  • Sasanami, M., Amoah, B., Amza, A., Souley, A. S. Y, Diori, A. N., Bakhtiari, A., Kadri, B., Szwarcwald, C. L., Gomez, D. V. F., Almou, I., Lopes, M. F. C., Masika, M. P., Beidou, N., Boyd, S., Harding-Esch, E. M., Solomon, A. W, Giorgi, E. (2023). Using model-based geostatistics for assessing the elimination of trachoma. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 17(7): e0011476. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011476

  • Dermauw, V., De Vijver, E. V., Dorny, P., Giorgi, E., Ganaba, R., Millogo, A., Tarnagda, Z., Cisse, A. K., Carabin, A., Geostatistical analysis of active human cysticercosis: Results of a large-scale study in 60 villages in Burkina Faso’. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011437

  • Borlase, A., Rutte, E. A., Castano, S., Blok, D. J., Toor, J., Giardina, F., Davis, E. L., NTD Consortium\(^*\) (2022) Evaluating and mitigating the potential indirect effect of COVID-19 on control programmes for seven neglected tropical diseases: a modelling study. Lancet Global Health. DOI:10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00360-6

\(^*\) I have co-authored this paper as member of the NTD consortium.

  • Cremonese, C., Souza, F. N.,Palma, F. A. G., Sodre, J. F. A., Ribeiro, P. de S., Santana, J. O., Coelho, R. H., Ticona, J. P. A., Nazare, R., de Oliveira, D., Eyre, M., Knee, J., Ristow, P., Stauber, C., Lopez, Y. A., Giorgi, E., Diggle, P. J., Cumming, O., dos Reis, M. G., Ko, A., Costa, F. (2023). Simplified sewerage to prevent urban leptospirosis transmission: a cluster non-randomized controlled trial protocol in disadvantaged urban communities of Salvador, Brazil. BMJ Open. 13:e065009. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065009

  • Kitawa, Y. S., Johnson, O., Giorgi, E., Zeytu Gashaw Asfaw (2023). Understanding the importance of spatial correlation in identifying spatio-temporal variation of disease risk, in the case of malaria risk mapping in southern Ethiopia. Scientific African. doi: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01926

  • Greenland-Bews, C., Byrne, R. L., Owen, S. O., Watkins, R. L., Bengey, D., Buist, K., Clerkin, K., Escadafal, C., Finch, L. S., Gould, S., Giorgi, E., Hodgkinson, A., Mashenko, L., Powell, D., Savage, H. R,. Thompson, C. R., Turtle, L. T., Wardale, J., Wooding, D., Edwards, T., Atienzar, A. C. (2023). Evaluation of Eight Lateral Flow Tests for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a vaccinated population Corresponding Author: Dr Emily R Adams. BMC Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-023-08033-1

  • Echodu, D., Yeka, D., Eganyu, T., Odude, W., Bukenya, F., Amoah, B., Wanzira, H., Colborn, K., Elliott, R. C., Powell, S. E., Kilama, M., Mulebeke, R., Nankabirwa, J., Giorgi, E., Roskosky, M., Omoding, O., Gonahasa, S., Opigo, J. (2023). Impact of population based indoor residual spraying with and without mass drug administration with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine on malaria prevalence in a high transmission setting: a controlled trial in northeastern Uganda. BMC Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-023-07991-w

  • Macharia, P. M., Moturi, A., Mumo, E., Giorgi, E., Okiro, E. A., Snow, R. W., N. R. (2022). Modelling geographic access and catchment areas for public primary schools in Kenya. Children’s Geographies. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2022.2137388

  • Eyre, M. T., Souza, F. N., Carvalho-Pereira, T. S. A., Nery, N., de Oliveira, D., Cruz, J. S., Sacramento, G. A., Khalil, H., Wunder, E. A., Hacker, K. P., Childs, J. E., Reis, M., Begon, M., Diggle, P. J., Ko, A. I., Giorgi, E.\(^*\), Costa, F.\(^*\) (2022). Linking rattiness, geography and environmental degradation to spillover Leptospira infections in marginalised urban settings. ELife. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.73120
    \(^*\)These authors contributed equally.

  • Ringwald, B., Tolhurst, R., Taegtmeyer, M., Digolo, L., Gichuna, G., Gaitho, M. M., Phillips-Howard, P. A., Otiso, L., Giorgi, E. (2022). Intra-urban variation of intimate partner violence against women and men in Kenya: a secondary data analysis. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605221120893

  • Grau-Pujol, B., Cano, J., Marti-Soler, H., Casellas, A., Giorgi, E., Nhacolo, A., Saute, F., Gine, R, Quinto, L., Sacoor, C., Munoz, J. (2022). Neighbors’ use of water and sanitation facilities can affect children’s health: a cohort study in Mozambique using a spatial approach. BMC Public Health 22, 983 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13373-9

  • Kay, G. A., Owen, S. I., Giorgi, E., Williams1, C. T., Menzies, S., Clark, D. J., Cuevas, L. C., Davies, B. M. O., Eckersley, N. M., Hughes, G. L., Kirwan, D. E., Krishna, S., Patterson, E. I., Planche, T., Staines, H. M., Adams, E. R. (2022). Immunoglobulin-G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay predicts neutralising antibody response in convalescent SARS-CoV-2 patients. Scientific Reports. 3351 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07263-8

  • Johnson, O., Giorgi, E., Fronterre, C., Amoah, B., Atsame, J., Ella, S. N., Biamonte, M. Ogoussan, K., Hundley, L., Gass, K., Diggle, P. J. (2022). Geostatistical modelling enables efficient safety assessment for ivermectin use in Loa loa endemic areas through a combined antibody and LoaScope testing strategy. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 16, 2, p. e0010189

  • Giorgi, E., Macharia, P. M., Woodmansey, J., Snow, R. W., Rowlingson, B. (2021). Maplaria: a user friendly web-application for spatio-temporal malaria prevalence mapping. Malaria Journal. 20, 471 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-04011-7

  • Amoah, B., McCann, R. S., Kabaghe, A. N., Mburu, M., Chipeta, M G., Moraga, P., Gowelo, S., Tizifa, T., van den Berg, H., Mzilahowa, T., Takken, W., van Vugt, M., Phiri, K.S., Diggle, P. J., Terlouw, D. J., Giorgi, E. (2021). Identifying fine-scale spatiotemporal patterns in Plasmodium falciparum transmission by monitoring parasite prevalence and entomological inoculation rate. ELife. 10:e65682 doi:10.7554/eLife.65682

  • Grau-Pujol, B., Mart`i-Soler, H., Escola, V., Demontis, V., Jamine, J. C., Gandasegui, J., Muchisse, O., Cambra-Pellej’a, M., Cossa, A., Martinez-Valladares, M., Sacoor, C., Van Lieshout, L., Cano, J., Giorgi, E., Munoz, J. (2021). Towards soil-transmitted helminths transmission interruption: the impact of diagnostic tools on infection prediction in a low intensity setting in Southern Mozambique. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009803

  • Aguilar Ticona, J. P., Nery, N., Victoriano, R., Fofana, M. O., Ribeiro, G. S.,Giorgi, E., Reis, M. G., Ko, A. I., Costa, F. (2021). Willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine among residents of slum settlements. Vaccines. 2021, 9(9), 951; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090951

  • Dissanayake, R., Giorgi, E., Stevenson, M., Allavena, R., Henning, J. (2021). Estimating koala density from incidental koala sightings in South-East Queensland, Australia (1997–2013), using a self-exciting spatio-temporal point process model Ecology and Evolution. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8082

  • Amoah, B., Fronterre, C., Johnson, O., Dejene, M., Seife, F., Negussu, N., Bakhtiari, A., Harding-Esch, E., Giorgi, E., Solomon, A. W., Diggle, P. J. (2021). Geostatistical analysis can yield more precise neglected tropical disease prevalence estimates than traditional analysis methods: mapping trachoma prevalence in Ethiopia. International Journal of Epidemiology. dyab227, https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyab227

  • Macharia, P. M., Ray, N., Giorgi, E., Okiro, E. A., Snow, R. W. (2021). Defining service catchment areas in low resource settings. BMJ Global Health. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006381

  • Toor, J., Adams, E. R., Aliee, M., Amoah, B., Anderson, R. M., Ayabina, D., Bailey, R., Basanez, M.-G., Blok, D. J., Blumberg, S., Borlase, A., Rivera, R. C., Castano, M. S, Chitnis, N., Coffeng, L. E., Crump, R. E., Das, A., Davis, C. N., Davis, E. L., Deiner, M. S., Diggle, P. J., Fronterre, C., Giardina, F., Giorgi, E., Graham, R., Hamley, J. I. D., Huang, C.-I., Kura, K., Lietman, T. M., Lucas, T. C. D., Malizia, V., Medley, G. F., Meeyai, A., Michael, E., Porco, T., Prada, J. M., Rock, K. T. S.,Le Rutte, E., Smith, M. E., Spencer, S. E. F., Stolk, W. A., Touloupou, P., Vasconcelos, A., Vegvari, C., de Vlas, S. J., Walker, M., Hollingsworth, T. D. (2021) Predicted Impact of COVID-19 on Neglected Tropical Disease Programs and the Opportunity for Innovation, Clinical Infectious Diseases, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa933

  • Johnson, O. O., Fronterre, C., Amoah, A., Montresor, A., Giorgi, E., Midzic, N., Mutsaka-Makuvaza, M. J., Kargbo-Labord, I., Hodgese, M. H, Zhange, Y., Okoyog, C., Mwandawirog, C., Minnery, M., Digglea, P. J., Model-based Geostatistical Methods Enable Efficient Design and Analysis of Prevalence Surveys for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection and Other Neglected Tropical Disease. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2021;72(S3):S172–9, DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab192

  • Savage, E. R., Santos, V. S., Edwards, T., Giorgi, E., Krishna, S., Planche, T., Staines, H. M., Fitchett, J. R. A., Kirwan, D. E., Atienzar, A. I. E., Clark, D. J.,, Adams, E. R., Cueva, L. E. Prevalence of neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in acute infection and convalescence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009551

  • Diggle, P. J., Amoah, B., Claudio, F., Giorgi, E., Johnson, O. O. (2021) Rethinking NTD Prevalence Survey Design and Analysis: a Geospatial Paradigm. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Pages 208–210, https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trab020

  • Andreis, F., Bryant, R., Giorgi, E., Williamson, A. E., Ward. A. (2021) Prescribing patterns for medical treatment of suspected prostatic obstruction: a longitudinal register-based study of the Scottish Health and Social Care Open Data BMJ Open. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042606

  • Hossain, E., Hoque, A., Giorgi, E., Fournie, G., Das, G. B., Henning, J. (2021). Impact of improved small-scale livestock farming on human nutrition. Scientific Reports. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-80387-x

  • Moirano, G., Zanet, S., Giorgi, E., Battisti, E., Falzoi, S., Acquaotta, F., Fratianni, S., Richiardi, L., Maule, M., Ferroglio, E. (2020) Integrating environmental, entomological, animal and human data to model the Leishmania infantum transmission risk in a new endemic area in Northern Italy. One Health. doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100159

  • Deribe, K., Florence, L., Kelemework, A., Getaneh, T., Tsegay, G., Cano, J., Giorgi, E., Newport, M. J., Davey,G. (2020) Developing and validating a clinical algorithm for the diagnosis of podoconiosis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. doi:10.1093/trstmh/traa074

  • Stockdale, A. J., Kreuels, B., Henrion, M. Y. R., Giorgi, E., Kyomuhangi, I., de Martel, C., Hutin, Y., Geretti, A. M. (2020). The global prevalence of hepatitis D virus infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Hepatology. PMID: 32335166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.008

  • Kigozi, S. P., Giorgi, E., Mpimbaza, A., Kigozi, R. N., Bousema, T., Arinaitwe, E., Nankabirwa, J. I., Sebuguzi, C. M., Kamya, M. R., Staedke, S. G., Dorsey, G., Pullan, R. L. (2020). Practical implications of a relationship between Health Management Information System and community cohort-based malaria incidence rates. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0950.

  • Runge, M., Snow, R. W., Molteni, F., Thawer, S., Mohamed, A., Mandike, R., Giorgi, E., Macharia, P. M., Smith, T., Lengeler, C., Pothin, E., (2020). Simulating the council-specific impact of anti-malaria interventions: a tool to support malaria strategic planning in Tanzania. Malaria Journal. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228469

  • Neyens, T., Diggle, P. D., Faes, C., Beenaerts, N., Artois, T., Giorgi, E. (2020). Mapping species richness using opportunistic samples: a case study on ground-floor bryophyte species richness in the Belgian province of Limburg. Scientific Reports 9, 19122, doi:10.1038/s41598-019-55593-x

  • Hale, A. C., S’anchez-Vizca’ino, F., Rowlingson, B., Radford, A. D., Giorgi, E., O’Brien, S. J., Diggle, P. J. (2019). A real-time spatio-temporal syndromic surveillance system with application to small companion animals. Scientific Reports 9, 17738, doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53352-6

  • Nightingale, R., Mortimer, K., Giorgi, E., Walker, P., Stolbrink, M., Byrne, T., Marwood, K., Morrison-Griffiths, S., Renwick, S., Rylance, J., Burhan, H., (2019). Screening heroin smokers attending community drug clinics for change in lung function: A cohort study. Chest. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2019.11.006

  • Flueckiger, R., Giorgi, E., Cano, J., Abdala, M., Amiel, O. N., Baayenda, G., Bakhtiari, A., Batcho, W., Bennawi, K. H., Dejene, M., Elshafie, B. E., Elvis, A. A., Francois, M., Goepogui, A., Kalua, K., Kebede, B., Kiflu, G., Masika, M. P., Massangaie, M., Mpyet, C., Ndjemba, J., Ngondi, J. M., Olobio, N., Turyaguma, P., Willis, R., Yeo, S., Solomon, A., Pullan, R. (2019). Understanding the spatial distribution of trichiasis and its association with trachomatous inflammation—follicular. BMC Infectious Diseases, 19:364, doi:10.1186/s12879-019-3935-1

  • Chipeta, M. G., Giorgi, E., Mategula, D., Macharia, P. M., Ligomba1, C., Munyenyembe, A., Chirombo, J., Gumbo, A., Terlouw, D. J., Snow, R. W., Kayange, M. (2019). Geostatistical analysis of Malawi’s changing malaria transmission from 2010 to 2017. Wellcome Open Research, 4:57, doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15193.1

  • Deribe, K., Mbituyumuremyi, A., Cano, J., Bosco, M. J., Giorgi, E., Ruberanziza, E., Bayisenge, U., Leonard, U., Bikorimana, J. P., Rucogoza, A., Turate, I., Rusanganwa, A., Pigott, D. M., Pullan, R. L., Noor, A. M., Enquselassie, F., Condo, J. U., Murray, C. J. L., Brooker, S. J., Hay, S. I., Newport, M. J., Davey, G. (2019). Geographical Distribution and Prevalence of Podoconiosis in Rwanda: A Cluster Cross-Sectional Country-wide Survey. Lancet Global Health. DOI:10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30072-5

  • Macharia, P., Giorgi, E., Thuranira, P. N., Joseph, N. K., Sartorius, B., Snow, R. W., Okiro, E. A. (2019). Sub national variation and inequalities in under-five mortality in Kenya since 1965. BMC Global Health. 19:146, doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6474-1

  • Macharia, P., Giorgi, E., Noor, A., Waqo, E., Kiptui, R., Okiro, E., Snow, R. (2018). Spatio-temporal analysis of Plasmodium falciparum prevalence to understand the past and chart the future of malaria control in Kenya. Malaria journal. 26;17(1):340. doi: 10.1186/s12936-018-2489-9.

  • McCann, R. S., van den Berg, H., Takken, W., Chetwynd, A. G., Giorgi, E., Terlouw, D. J., Diggle, P. J. (2018). Reducing contamination risk in cluster-randomised infectious disease intervention trials. International Journal of Epidemiology. dyy213, https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyy213

  • Stresman, G., Mwesigwa, J., Achan, J., Giorgi, E., Worwui, A., Jawara, M., di Tanna, G., Bousema, T., Van Geertruyden, J.-P., Drakeley, C., D’Alessandro, U. (2018). Do high burden households fuel malaria transmission? A village-scale spatio-temporal analysis of a two-year cohort study in The Gambia. BMC Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-018-1141-4

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  • Colborn, K., Giorgi, E., Monaghan, A., Gudo, E., Candrinho, B., Marrufo, T., Colborn, J. (2018). Spatio-temporal modelling of weekly malaria incidence in children under 5 for early epidemic detection in Mozambique. Scientific Reports. 8, 9238, doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27537-4

  • Amoah, B., Giorgi, E., Hayes, D., van Buuren, S., Diggle, P. J. (2018). Geostatistical modelling of the relationship between malaria and child growth in Africa. International Journal of Health Geographics. 17:7, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-018-0127-y

  • Giorgi, E., Osman, A. A., Hassan, A. H., Ali, A. A., Ibrahim, F., Amran, J. G. H., Noor, A. M., Snow, R. W. (2018). Using non-exceedance probabilities of policy-relevant malaria prevalence thresholds to identify areas of low transmission in Somalia. Malaria Journal. 17:88,
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  • Deribe, K., Mbeng, A. A., Cano, J., Njouendo, A. J., Fru-Cho, J., Abong, R., Eyong, M. E., Ndongmo, P. W. C, Giorgi, E., Pigott, D. M., Golding, N. et al. (2017). Mapping the geographical distribution of podoconiosis in Cameroon using parasitological, serological, and clinical evidence to exclude other causes of lymphedema. PLOS Neglrected Tropical Diseases 12(1): e0006126. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006126

  • Jary , H. R., Aston, S., Ho, A., Giorgi, E., Kalata, N., Nyirenda, M., Mallewa, J., Peterson, I., Gordon, S. B., Mortimer, K. (2017). Household air pollution and pneumonia in Malawian adults: a case-control study. Wellcome Open Research, 2:103, doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12621.1

  • Henning, J., Giorgi, E., Soares Magalh~aes, R. J., Tizzani, P., Viviani, P., Pejovic, N., Hrapovi’c, M., Potzsch, C. (2017). Factors influencing the success of aerial rabies vaccination of foxes. Scientific Reports. 7, 14376, doi:10.1038/s41598-017-14615-2

  • Deribe, K., Cano, J., Giorgi, E., Pigott, D., Golding, N., Pullan, R. L., Noor, A. M., Cromwell, E. A., Osgood‐Zimmerman, A., Enquselassie, F., Hailu, A., Murray, C. J. L., Newport, M. J., Brooker, S. J., Hay, S. I., Davey, G. (2017). Estimating the number of cases of podoconiosis in Ethiopia using geostatistical methods. Wellcome Open Research, 2:78. doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12483.1

  • Sesay, S. S., Giorgi, E., Diggle, P. J., Schellenberg, D., Lalloo, D. G., Terlouw, D. J. (2017). Surveillance in easy to access population subgroups as a tool for evaluating malaria control progress: a systematic review. PLOS ONE 12(8):
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  • McCann, R. S., Messina, J. P, MacFarlane, D. W., Bayoh, M. N., Gimnig, J. E., Giorgi, E., Walker, E. D. (2017). Explaining variation in adult Anopheles indoor resting abundance: the relative effects of larval habitat proximity and insecticide-treated bed net use. Malaria journal. 16:288, DOI:10.1186/s12936-017-1938-1

  • Stresman, G., Giorgi, E., Baidjoe, A., Knight, P., Odongo, W., Owaga, C., Shagari, S., Makori, E., Stevenson, J., Drakeley, C., Cox, J., Bousema, T., Diggle, P. J. (2017). Impact of metric, sample size and geostatistical methods on determining boundaries of hotspots of malaria. Scientific Reports. 7, 45849; doi: 10.1038/srep45849

  • Giorgi, E., Kreppel, K., Diggle, P. J., Maherisoa, R., Minoarisoa, R., Caminade, C., Baylis, M. (2016). Modelling of spatio-temporal variation in plague incidence in Madagascar from 1980 to 2007. Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology. 19:125-135

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Teaching of Statistics

  • Johnson, O., Fronterre, C., Diggle, P. J., Amoah, A., Giorgi, E. (2021). MBGapp: A Shiny application for teaching model-based geostatistics to population health scientists. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262145

  • Giorgi, E. (2018). Using a problem-driven approach for teaching statistics at the African Institute of Mathematical Sciences (invited paper). In M. A. Sorto, A. White, & L. Guyot (Eds.), Looking back, looking forward. Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Teaching Statistics (ICOTS10, July, 2018), Kyoto, Japan. Voorburg, The Netherlands: International Statistical Institute. Available here